Principal hosts of all stages are monitors, but ticks were also found on snakes.

 Literature: Kaufman (1972), Morel (1980).

 Aponomma varanense (Supino, 1897) - new synonym

 Aponomma crassipes Neumann, 1901 - new synonym

 Aponomma lucasi Warburton, 1910

Map 6

 Tropical Asia from India (Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Orissa, Sikkim, and Assam) and Sri Lanka to China (Yunnan, Hainan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Zhejiang, and Pescador Islands near Taiwan), Philippines (Luzon), and New Guinea.

 Principal hosts of all stages are monitors and large snakes.

 Note: According to literature data, a group of very similar species (various authors identify them as А. fuscolineatum, A. varanense, or A. crassipes) parasitize monitors and snakes in tropical Asia. These species are characterized by the same type of ornamentation on the scutum and by the presence of 2 spurs on coxa I. Diagnostic characters given by Kaufman (1972) include the ratio of sizes of spurs on coxa I and form of cornua, but these are extremely variable and unsuitable for identification. These three species are morphologically indistinguishable and in our opinion conspecific. Our collection contains 309 males and 109 females of А. varanense from tropical Asia (India, Malaysia, Vietnam, China, Sumatra, Java, and Kalimantan). In ticks, even those collected from the same animal, external spur on coxa I can be twice as large as the internal, or equal to it. Punctation of scutum and body size are still more variable. For instance, ticks from Thochu Island, Vietnam (collected on monitors) are almost half the size of ticks from the continent, and spurs on their coxae are not distinct. Toumanoff (1944) also notes that in his collection from Indochina, the form and the size of spurs on coxae in Aponomma ticks have all the gradations of transition from A. gervaisii to A. varanense (as A. lucasi).

 Apparently, the species that Neumann described under the name A. crassipes is in fact А. gervaisii. A. crassipes was described from a single male collected on the grey monitor Varanus griseus in Asia. The grey monitor inhabits open, arid landscapes of North Africa, South-West and Middle Asia, and to the east as far as Pakistan, i.e. outside the range of A. varanense, but within the range of A. gervaisii. Kaufman and Theiler (1945) note that Neumann, describing scutal ornamentation of a new species, pointed at specific green spots on scapulae, which are characteristic of A. gervaisii (in A. varanense such spots are absent), and observed the presence of two very small spurs on coxa I. Apparently, Neumann did not distinguish А. gervaisii from A. varanense, and he labeled all ticks from Asia by the name А. gervaisii, part of which scientists later identified as A. crassipes and A. varanense (Neumann identified ticks from Thailand and Java as A. gervaisii, but Kaufman identified these specimens as A. crassipes and A. varanense).

 Literature: Sharif (1928), Toumanoff (1944), Theiler (1945), Anastos (1950), Kaufman (1972), Teng and Jiang (1991), Santos Dias (1985), Kolonin (1995b), Petney and Keirans (1996b), Robbins (1996).

 Haemaphysalis sindensis Bilqees and Masood, 1973

Map 11

 South Arabia (locality of collection unknown), Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Vietnam (unpublished data).

 Ticks parasitize monitors and snakes.

 Literature: Sharif (1928), Kaufman (1972), Tanskul et al. (1983), Petney and Keirans (1996b).

Map 61

 Australia (West Australia and North Territory).

 All stages were found on the monitors Varanus glebopalma and V. glauerti.

 Literature: Keirans et al. (1994).

Map 1

 Australia (New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia, Tasmania and West Australia).

 Principal hosts of ticks are lizards, primarily the skink Trachysaurus rugosus. Ticks have also been recorded infesting snakes, but this does not occur often.

 Literature: Andrews et al. (2006).

Map 59

 Indonesia (Komodo and Flores Islands).

 This species has been collected a few times, and exclusively on the giant monitor Varanus komodoensis.

 Literature: Petney and Keirans (1996b).

Map 17

 Indonesia: Sulawesi (unpublished data), Flores, Sumbawa and Sula Islands.

 Adults were collected on the pythons Python reticulatus and P. timorensis.

 Literature: Kaufman (1972), Petney and Keirans (1996b).

 ?Aponomma ochraceum Neumann, 1901

Map 11

 Africa south of Sahara, Yemen, and Saudi Arabia.

 Principal hosts of all stages are large snakes. Ticks also infest monitors and skinks, and are occasionally found on mammals. Immature ticks occur on hosts considerably less often than adults.

 Note: We recently received ticks collected on reptiles from Tanzania, and the results show that A. ochraceum may be a valid species.

 Literature: Santos Dias (1955), Kaufman (1972), Hoogstraal et al. (1981), Walker (1991).

Map 11

 Ghana.

 This species is known from 4 females, 2 of which were collected on the python Python regius caught in Ghana, and the other 2 (type specimens) were incorrectly labeled ("Vietnam, Python molurus bivittatus"). The type specimens were apparently also from Africa, as they were collected together with 2 males of Aponomma latum.

 Literature: Kolonin (1992c, 2003).

Map 2

 New Guinea.

 Adults and nymphs were collected on the long-nosed echidna Zaglossus bruijni. Larva is unknown.

 Literature: Beati et al. (2008).

Map 2

 India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, and China (Guangdong and Zhejiang).

 Ticks parasitize middle-sized snakes: Coluber, Elaphe, Naja, Zamenis, and Bungarus. They were also found on a monitor, mongoose, and a cow.

 Literature: Kaufman (1972), Tanskul et al. (1983), Teng and Jiang (1991), Petney and Keirans (1996b).

Map 15

 Indonesia (Sumbawa, Timor, Sabu, Semau, and Sumba Islands).

 All imagines and nymphs were collected on the monitors Varanus salvator and V. timorensis.

 Literature: Kaufman (1972), Petney and Keirans (1996b), King and Keirans (1997).

 Aponomma ludovici Siuda, 1972

Map 1

 New Zealand (Stephen Island and other small islands in Cook Strait).

 Specific parasite of tuatara Sphenodon punctatus.

 Literature: Dumbleton (1953, 1963), Heath (1977, 2006).

Map 29

Australia (Queensland).

All stages parasitize the echidna Tachyglossus aculeatus.

Literature: Andrews et al. (2006).

Map 18

 Senegal, Mali, Guinea-Bissau, Cote d’Ivoire, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Zaire, Uganda, Tanzania, Mozambique, and the Republic of South Africa.

 It is a rare species, collected almost exclusively on the python Python sebae. Larvae have not been described.

 Literature: Kaufman (1972), Walker (1991).

Map 7

 Philippines (Busuanga Island), Indonesia (Sulawesi, Tornate, Liki, Aru, Seram, and Simelue Islands), New Guinea, New Britain, New Ireland, and Australia (Queensland).

 Ticks parasitize various monitors, and they were also found on the python Liasis amethystinus.