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Adults mainly parasitize wild carnivores, preferring canids, but are often found on domestic dogs, humans, and other mammals. Immature stages parasitize birds and rodents. Literature: Arzua et al. (2003), Guglielmone et al. (2003a), Guglielmone et al. (2003b), Voltzit (2007).
8. Amblyomma auricularium (Conil, 1878) Amblyomma concolor Neumann, 1899 Amblyomma beaurepairei Vogelsang and Santos Dias, 1953
 Map 51 USA (Texas and Florida), Mexico (Tamaulipas, Sinaloa, Yucatan, and Michoacan), Guatemala, Belize, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Trinidad, Tobago, Guyana, Guiana, Bolivia, Paraguay, Brazil (Para, Ceara, Piaui, Pernambuco, Sergipe, Bahia, Goias, and Minas Gerais), Uruguay, and Argentina to the south until Chubut Province. Principal hosts of all stages are armadillos (Dasypodidae). Occasionally, ticks infest the anteater Tamandua tetradactyla and other mammals. Literature: Guglielmone et al. (2002), Guglielmone et al. (2003c), Guglielmone et al. (2003a), Voltzit (2007).
9. Amblyomma australiense Neumann, 1905
 Map 19 Australia (West Australia, North Territory, and Queensland). Principal hosts of imago are the echidnas Tachyglossus aculeatus, but they have also been found on snakes and lizards. Literature: Roberts (1970).
10. Amblyomma babirussae Schulze, 1933
 Map 12 Sulawesi and adjacent islands. Adults and nymphs parasitize both wild and domestic large ungulates. Ticks have also been found on rats and viverra. All stages, including larvae, are common in collections from vegetation. Literature: Keirans and Robbins (1987), Volzit and Keirans (2003).
11. Amblyomma boulengeri Hirst and Hirst, 1910
Map 12 Galapagos Archipelago (Espanola Island). Species was described from a female and two males collected on the iguana Tropidurus delanonis. Two similar females were collected on the iguanas T. barringtonensis and Conolophus subcristatus on Santa Fe Island. Literature: Keirans et al. (1973), Guglielmone et al. (2003à).
12. Amblyomma brasiliense Aragão, 1908
 Map 60 Brazil (Para, Minas Gerais, Espirito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo, Santa Catarina, and Rio Grande do Sul), Paraguay, and Argentina. Ticks mainly parasitize peccary, but have also been found on a capybara, a tapir, and a human in Argentina. Literature: Guglielmone et al. (2003à), Voltzit (2007).
13. Amblyomma cajennense (Fabricius, 1787)
 Map 20 America from USA (Texas and Florida) and Mexico, to the south as far as Paraguay, Brazil, and Argentina (Salta, Jujuy, Formosa, Chaco, Tucuman, Misiones, and Corrientes), as well as Cuba, Jamaica, and Trinidad Islands. All stages parasitize various wild and domestic mammals, and often attack humans. In Argentina, the life cycle takes one year. It is an abundant species and can be extremely harmful to animal husbandry. It is a vector of Rocky Mountain spotted fever, and tick bites can cause paralysis in livestock. Ticks occur in virgin forests less often than in farmlands. Literature: Guglielmone et al. (1990), Guglielmone et al. (2003a), Estrada-Peña et al. (2004), Walker and Olwage (1987), Voltzit (2007).
14. Amblyomma calabyi Roberts, 1953
Map 12 Australia (West Australia, North Territory, and South Australia). It is a rare species, and was only found on the monitors Varanus giganteus and V. gouldii. Literature: Roberts (1970), Sharrad and King (1981).
15. Amblyomma calcaratum Neumann, 1899
 Map 6 Mexico, Belize, Costa Rica, Panama, Ecuador, Peru, Colombia, Venezuela, Trinidad, Tobago, Surinam, Guiana, Bolivia, Paraguay, Brazil, and Argentina (Misiones). Adults almost exclusively parasitize various species of anteaters. Reported accidental hosts include a brocket deer, a sloth, a crab-eating raccoon, and a dog. Nymphs were found on birds, and occasionally on anteaters. Literature: Kolonin (1994), Guglielmone et al. (2003a), Guzman-Cornejo et al. (2006), Voltzit (2007).
16. Amblyomma chabaudi Rageau, 1964
Map 6 Madagascar. Ticks mainly parasitize the tortoise Pyxis arachnoidås, but one male was collected on the tortoise Testudo radiata. All stages have been described. Literature: Uilenberg et al. (1979).
17. Amblyomma clypeolatum Neumann, 1899
Map 12 Sri Lanka, India (Rajasthan and Andhra Pradesh), and Myanmar. Adults were collected on the tortoises Geochelone elegans, G. platynota, and Indotestudo elongata. Literature: Keirans and Brewster (1981), Frasier and Keirans (1990), Robbins and Platt (2000), Voltzit and Keirans (2003).
18. Amblyomma coelebs Neumann, 1899
 Map 47
Mexico (Guanajuato and Jalisco), Guatemala, Belize, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Surinam, Guyana, French Guiana, Bolivia, Paraguay, Peru, Brazil, and Argentina (extreme north). Adults almost exclusively parasitize the tapirs Tapirus baird and, T. terrestris. They are also periodically collected on horses, cows, peccaries, brocket deer, and paca. Ticks are frequently collected on vegetation and attached to humans. Nymphs were collected on an armadillo, opossums, a peccary, and a human. Literature: Need et al. (1991), Guglielmone et al. (2003a). Beldomenico et al. (2003), Labruna et al. (2005), Voltzit (2007).
19. Amblyomma cohaerens Donitz, 1909
 Map 16 Sudan, Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Zaire, Rwanda, and Burundi. Principal hosts of adults are wild buffaloes and cattle, but are occasionally found on other wild ungulates. Immature ticks feed on various mammals and birds. In Ethiopia, maximum activity is observed during the rainy season, and under favourable conditions, two generations can develop per year. Literature: Petney et al. (1987), Walker and Olwage (1987), Volzit and Keirans (2003).
20. Amblyomma compressum (Macalister, 1872)
 Map 55 Africa, from Senegal to the east as far as Kenya and to the south as far as Namibia, Botswana, Republic of South Africa, and Mozambique. Specific parasite of pangolins Manis spp., on which all stages feed. Literature: Volzit and Keirans (2004).
21. Amblyomma cordiferum Neumann, 1899
 Map 8 Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia (Sulawesi, Krakatau, and Banda Islands), Taiwan, and West Samoa (Upolu Island). Little known parthenogenetic species. Females mainly parasitize reptiles, often infesting large snakes. There are collections from vegetation and mammals, including wild pigs, a tiger, viverrids, a pangolin, a domestic buffalo, and humans. In Malaysia, immature ticks were collected from the rat Rattus jalorensis. Males have not been described. Literature: Tanskul et al. (1983), Keirans (1985), Petney and Keirans (1995), Volzit and Keirans (2002).
22. Amblyomma crassum Robinson, 1926
 Map 9 Colombia, Peru, and Venezuela (?). Species is known from females collected from the tortoise Geochelone denticulata (= Testudo tabulata) and other tortoises of unidentified species. Male and female ticks described and re-described (respectively) by Mendez Arocha and Ortiz (1957) apparently represent another species (Fairchild et al., 1966). Literature: Guglielmone et al. (2003a), Voltzit (2007).
23. Amblyomma crenatum Neumann, 1899
Map 12 Species is known to occupy the area around the Malacca Peninsula and Java. It is a parasite of the rhinoceros Rhinoceros sondaicus. There are old collections of imagines, although they are not numerous. This species most likely became extinct, but it may still inhabit the Ujung Kulon Reserve (Java Island) and Vietnam, where the last Javan rhinoceroses are living. |