Principal hosts of adults are cattle and sheep. These ticks also parasitize other domestic and wild mammals. High intensity of infestation on the baboon Papio ursinus was reported. Immature ticks feed on hares and rodents.

 Literature: Walker et al. (2000).

Map 40

 Republic of South Africa.

 Two-host species. Principal hosts of all stages are sheep, goats, and the antelope Tragelaphus strepsiceros, but ticks are also found on other ungulates as well. Immature ticks also successfully feed on hares. All stages attach to the lower parts of legs and between the hooves of their hosts. Adults are active from September to February, and immature ticks are active from March to August. Life cycle takes one year.

 Literature: Walker et al. (2000).

Map 19

 Mauritania, Senegal, Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger, Nigeria, Chad, Cameroon (northern), Sudan, and Ethiopia.

 Dry savannas.

 Principal hosts of adults are cattle and sheep. Ticks also parasitize other domestic and wild mammals, as well as large birds, including ostriches, bustards, marabous, and griffins. Immature ticks feed on hares and rodents. Adults are most numerous during the rainy season from May to June, and ticks are rarely found on hosts in winter.

 Literature: Walker et al. (2000).

Map 40

 Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, Malaysia, Indonesia (northern Sumatra and Sulawesi), and China.

 Adults parasitize various large and middle-sized mammals, both wild and domestic. Immature ticks feed on small mammals, including rodents and insectivores.

 This species is most abundant in India, where it is a serious pest to animal husbandry. It is common in Myanmar, China, and Vietnam, but not numerous on the Malacca Peninsula. In Sri Lanka, R. haemaphysaloides was found in town, where it parasitized domestic dogs (unpublished data). It is a vector of buffalo babesiosis.

 Literature: Kolonin (1995b), Teng and Jiang (1991), Petney and Keirans (1996a), Walker et al. (2000).

Map 25

 This species is only known from Djibouti and Somalia.

Adults were collected from a sheep, a goat, a camel, and cattle. Immature ticks have not been described.

 Hoogstraal (1953, 1956) was apparently the first to have recognized this species, providing a description and figures of a male and a female. However, he misidentified it as Rhipicephalus longicoxatus Neumann, 1904, which had previously been known only from Neumann’s original description accompanied by no figures. More recently, the holotype of R. longicoxatus has been found (Walker et al., 2000), showing the material identified by Hoogstraal as R. longicoxatus belonged in fact to another species. Walker et al. (2000) revised some of the specimens misidentified by Hoogstraal as R. longicoxatus, but considered them as representing aberrant forms of R. lunulatus.

 We have two male and two female Rhipicephalus collected by V. Popov during April to June of 1973 from cattle in southern Somalia (Kismajo). Males completely match the features of the species as described by Hoogstraal as R. longicoxatus. Undoubtedly, it is a valid species that clearly differs from R. lunulatus. We describe these ticks as a new species here and name it in honor of Harry Hoogstraal.

 The principal differences between the new species from the closely related R. lunulatus include the following (figure). In addition to having distinctive adanal shields in the male, the male and female of R. hoogstraali show longer palpi, and the base of their capituli is narrower than that in R. lunulatus. The base of the capituli in male R. hoogstraali is rectangular, whereas in R. lunulatus it is hexagonal. Male and female R. lunulatus display large auriculae, whereas the male of R. hoogstraali lacks auriculae while the auriculae of female R. hoogstraali are very small. The posteromedian groove on the male scutum of R. hoogstraali is absent, versus present in male R. lunulatus. Punctation of the female scutum in R. hoogstraali is sparse, with large punctures, whereas in R. lunulatus it is denser and diverse, including interspersed fine punctation. The description by Hoogstraal (1956) of the female of R. longicoxatus, and the figures illustrating it, resemble R. lunulatus more closely than they do R. hoogstraali.

 Holotype (male) and paratype (female) have been deposited in the Zoological Museum of Moscow University.

 Literature: Hoogstraal (1953, 1956), Walker et al. (2000).

R. hoogstraali

Figure. Rhipicephalus hoogstraali sp. n.

Male: capitulum, dorsal view (1), capitulum, ventral view (2), adanal shield (3).

Female: capitulum, dorsal view (4), capitulum, ventral view (5).

Map 14

 Somalia, Kenya, and Tanzania.

 Not numerous species. Adults were usually collected on cattle, camels, elephants, and rhinoceroses. Adults were occasionally taken from other domestic and wild mammals as well, but not quite as often. Immature ticks are described but their hosts in nature are unknown.

 Literature: Walker et al. (2000).

Map 33

 Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Kenya, and Tanzania.

 Mountain forests and meadows above the altitude of 1500 m (it frequently occurs together with R. jeanneli).

 Principal hosts of adults are wild buffalo and cattle, but ticks are occasionally found on other ungulates and carnivores as well. Natural hosts of immature ticks are unknown.

 Literature: Walker et al. (2000).

Map 25

 Uganda, Rwanda, Tanzania, Zambia, and Malawi.

 Most collections were taken from cattle, but single individuals on small and middle-sized antelopes, sheep, and dogs were also reported. Immature ticks have not been described.

 Literature: Walker et al. (2000).

Map 42

 Sudan (southern), Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Rwanda, Burundi, and Zaire (eastern).

 Mountain forests and meadows above the altitude of 1500 m (it frequently occurs together with R. hurti).

 Principal hosts of adults are wild buffalo and cattle, but ticks can also be found on wild pigs. Immature ticks are found on rodents.

 Literatures: Walker et al. (2000).

Map 57

 Kenya (southeastern), Tanzania, Zambia, Zaire (southeastern), Malawi, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, and the Republic of South Africa (northeastern).

 Adults have a wide range of hosts, but prefer cattle, wild pigs, buffalo, large antelopes, and hares. Immature ticks feed on the same species of hosts.

 Literature: Walker et al. (2000).

Map 62

 Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, and Iraq(?).

 Inhabitant of deserts.

 Principal host of all stages is the hare Lepus tolai, but ticks were also collected on hedgehogs, wolf, fox, jackal, and other carnivores. Adults parasitize hosts from March to September with maximum activity recorded in May to June.

 Literature: Filippova (1997), Shamsuddin and Mohammad (1988).

Map 34

 Namibia and Angola.

 Rare species. A few collections of adults were taken from warthog, giraffe, antelopes, cattle, and domestic pigs. Immature ticks have not been described.

 Literature: Walker et al. (2000).

 Rhipicephalus camelopardalis Walker and Wiley, 1959

Map 34

 Kenya and Tanzania.

 Rare species. Nine collections were taken from giraffes and one from a domestic dog. Larvae have been described, but hosts of immature ticks under natural conditions are unknown.

 Note: Figures and descriptions of male R. longicoxatus in Hoogstraal (1953, 1956) in fact refer to the species R. hoogstraali Kolonin sp. n.

 Literature: Walker et al. (2000).

Map 25

 Cameroon, Central African Republic, Gabon, Congo, Uganda, Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Burundi, Tanzania, Zaire, Angola (north), Zambia, Malawi, and Mozambique (northern).

 Adults mainly parasitize buffaloes and cattle, but occasionally occur on domestic and wild pigs and dogs. Immature ticks were found on rodents.

 Literature: Walker et al. (2000).

Map 25

 Republic of South Africa.