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8. Ixodes amersoni Kohls, 1966  Map 2 Phoenix Islands (Pacific Ocean). This species is only known from three females collected from the white tern Gygis alba and the red-footed booby Sula sula. Literature: Kohls (1966).
9. Ixodes anatis Chilton, 1904  Map 4 New Zealand. Principal hosts of all stages are the kiwis Apteryx mantelli and A. australis. These ticks were also found on ducks and geese. Literature: Heath (1977).
10. Ixodes andinus Kohls, 1957
Map 2 Peru. Alpine zones of the Andes up to the altitude of 4000 m. Females, nymphs, and larvae were found on the rodents Phyllotis darwini and Hesperomys sorella. Males have not been described. Literature: Guglielmone et al. (2003a).
11. Ixodes angustus Neumann, 1899  Map 49 Russia (Khabarovsk and Primorsky Krays, Magadan and Kamchatka Oblasts, Sakhalin and Kuril Islands), Japan (Hokkaido and Honshu), Canada, and USA (western and north-eastern). All stages of this tick feed on small mammals, mainly rodents. In North America, ticks occasionally attach to humans. Vector of tularemia and Powassan virus. Literature: Filippova (1977), Keirans and Clifford (1978), Robbins and Keirans (1989, 1992).
12. Ixodes antechini Roberts, 1960
Map 4 Australia (New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, and South Australia). All stages exclusively parasitize predatory marsupials (Dasyuridae). Literature: Roberts (1960, 1970).
13. Ixodes apronophorus Schulze, 1924  Map 12 Europe: Great Britain, Denmark, France, Switzerland, Slovakia, Poland, Austria, Germany, Czechia, Hungary, Romania, Ukraine, Latvia, Estonia, Byelorussia, and Moldīva; Russia to the east as far as Krasnoyarsk Kray; Asia: Kazakhstan and Kirghizia. Hygrophilous species, inhabiting humid biotopes, such as floodplains, water-meadows, swamps, and similar habitats. Principal hosts of all stages are the water vole Arvicola terrestris and the muskrat Ondatra zibethicus, but ticks are also found on other small mammals. In northern parts of their range, life cycle takes 3 to 4 years. Literature: Arthur (1963), Filippova (1977).
14. Ixodes arboricola Schulze and Schlottke, 1929  Map 7 Europe: Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Holland, Great Britain (southern), France, Switzerland, Germany, Austria, Poland, Latvia, Byelorussia, Ukraine, Czechia, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, and Italy; Asia: Israel, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Afghanistan, Mongolia, China (Xingjiang, Inner Mongolia, Gansu, and Tibet), Russia: Tver Oblast (unpublished data) and Primorsky Kray; Africa: Egypt. All stages parasitize birds nesting in hollows and burrows, including starlings, jackdaws, tits, sparrows, owls, and others. In Germany (Essen), the greatest number of ticks on tits is reported in winter, with infestations sometimes resulting in the death of the host. A high abundance of ticks is reported in peregrine falcon Falco peregrinus nests located in grottos (about 320 ticks on one nestling). Mortality of nestlings in these nests amounts to 74%. Note: In China, I. subterraneus may be known under the name I. arboricola. Literature: Filippova (1977), Schilling et al. (1981), Mehl (1983), Dash et al. (1988), Hudde and Walter (1988), Teng and Jiang (1991), Manilla (1991).
15. Ixodes arebiensis Arthur, 1956  Map 47 Zaire. A single female was collected on vegetation. Literature: Arthur (1965).
16. Ixodes asanumai Kitaoka, 19  Map 15 Japan (Kakeroma Island in the Ryukyu Archipelago and Miyake and Aoga Islands in the Izu Archipelago). Females parasitize the skink Eumeces okadae. Some females and males were collected on vegetation and domestic dogs. Larvae and nymphs were reared. Literature: Kitaoka (1973, 1977), Hayashi and Hasegawa (1983).
17. Ixodes aulacodi Arthur, 1956  Map 51 Guinea, Cote dIvoire, Ghana, Burkina Faso, Benin, Nigeria, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Zaire, Zambia, and the Republic of South Africa. Primary host of all stages is the cane rat Thryonomys switderianus. Females were also found on porcupine, civet, rat Praomys sp., and mongoose. Nymphs and larvae were collected on rodents, shrews, and birds. Males have not been described. Literature: Arthur (1965), Walker (1991).
18. Ixodes auriculaelongae Arthur, 1958 Map 12 Zaire, Tanzania, andZambia. Females were found on rodents (Praomys, Mastomys, Rattus, and others) and shrews Crocidura occidentalis. Males have not been described. Assumed nymphs and larvae were collected on shrews. Literature: Arthur (1965).
19. Ixodes auritulus Neumann, 1904  Map 8 Apparently, this species should be divided into two subspecies: I. a. auritulus Neumann, 1904 and I. a. zealandicus Dumbleton, 1961. Range of I. a. auritulus: Canada (British Columbia and Ontario), USA (Alaska, Washington, Oregon, California, and Colorado), Guatemala, Costa Rica, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Chile, Argentina, Uruguay, Brazil (Sao Paulo, Rio-de-Janeiro, and Parana), New Guinea, Tasmania, and Auckland Island. Females, nymphs, and larvae were found on different species of land birds, mainly from the order Passeriformes. Some larvae and one nymph were collected from rodents. Male has been described but not found on hosts. Range of I. a. zealandicus includes the shore and adjacent islands of New Zealand. Ticks were collected from the petrels Puffinus griseus, Pachyptila turtur, and from a nest of the petrel Pelecanoides urinatrix. Literature: Cooley and Kohls (1945), Dumbleton (1961, 1973), Roberts (1970), Jones et al. (1972), Need et al. (1991), Arzua et al. (2003), Guglielmone et al. (2003ą), Gonzalez-Acuña et al. (2005).
20. Ixodes australiensis Neumann, 1904
 Map 1 Australia (Western Australia and Tasmania). Ticks were collected from small marsupial mammals (Bettongia lesueuri, B. penicillata, Potorous tridactylus, and Setonyx brachyurus), dogs, cattle, and humans. Larvae have not been described. Literature: Roberts (1960, 1970).
21. Ixodes baergi Cooley and Kohls, 1942
Map 7 USA (Arkansas, Colorado, Ņåõąs, Oklahoma, and Illinois). Specific parasite of the cliff swallow Petrochelidon pyrrhonota. Larvae feed on adult birds, females infest nestlings, and nymphs parasitize adults and nestlings. Males inhabit nests but do not feed on hosts. Ticks do not winter in nests, but in splits on the ground. Literature: George (1987), Larimore (1987), Keirans et al. (1993).
22. Ixodes bakeri Arthur and Clifford, 1961 Map 7 Malawi and the Republic of South Africa (Transvaal, Natal, and Cape Province). Ticks parasitize rodents and shrews. Females are more frequently found on rodents, whereas nymphs and larvae are usually found on shrews. Male is known from a single specimen. Literature: Arthur (1965), Walker (1991).
23. Ixodes banksi Bishopp, 1911  Map 18 Canada (Ontario) and USA (Wisconsin, Connecticut, Michigan, Alabama, Arkansas, and Missouri). All stages parasitize water mammals, such as musk-rat and otter, but more are found on beavers. All stages are known. Literature: Keirans and Clifford (1978), Kollars et al. (1995). |