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Literature: Roberts (1970), Hoogstraal (1982).
56. Haemaphysalis hylobatis Schulze, 1933
 Map 58 Malacca Peninsula and Sumatra Island. Rare species. Adults were collected from boar, monkeys, civets, a rat, a moon rat, a dog, a human, a coucal Centropus, and vegetation. Immature ticks were found on a rat, a human, and vegetation. Literature: Hoogstraal and Kim (1985).
57. Haemaphysalis hyracophila Hoogstraal, Walker and Neitz, 1971
 Map 37 Zimbabwe and the Republic of South Africa (Transvaal and Cape Province). All stages parasitize the hyrax Procavia capensis. Literature: Hoogstraal and Kim (1985), Walker (1991).
58. Haemaphysalis hystricis Supino, 1897 Haemaphysalis menui Toumanoff, 1940 Haemaphysalis tieni Phan, 1977
 Map 17 India (West Bengal and Assam), Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Malaysia, China (Yunnan, Guangdong, Fujian, Hainan and Taiwan Islands), Indonesia (Sumatra), and Japan (Ryukyu Islands). Adults parasitize various ungulates and carnivores, while immature ticks infest small and middle-sized mammals. Literature: Phan (1977), Teng and Jiang (1991), Kolonin (1995b).
59. Haemaphysalis ias Nakamura and Yajima, 1937
 Map 54 Japan (Izu, Awazi, Yaku and Kerama Islands). Adults were collected from a wild pig, cattle, and a dog. Literature: Yamaguti et al. (1971), Hoogstraal and Kim (1985).
60. Haemaphysalis indica Warburton, 1910
 Map 39 Oman, Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, India (West Bengal, Bihar, Orissa, Karnataka, and Gujarat), Nepal, and Sri Lanka. Adults parasitize various carnivores, preferring mongooses. Immature ticks feed on small carnivores, hares, hedgehogs, and rodents. Literature: Kaul et al. (1979), Hoogstraal (1980), Hoogstraal and Kim (1985).
61. Haemaphysalis indoflava Dhanda and Bhat, 1968
 Map 32 India (Uttar Pradesh and Tamil Nadu). Adults were found on domestic dogs, jackal Canis aureus, fox, boar, and cattle. Immature ticks were collected from vegetation. Literature: Hoogstraal and Kim (1985).
62. Haemaphysalis inermis Birula, 1895
 Map 29 Portugal, Spain, France, Italy (northern), former Yugoslavia, Austria, Hungary, Czechia, Slovakia, Romania, Bulgaria, Greece, Albania, Turkey (coasts of Black and Aegean Seas), Iran (northern), Moldova, Ukraine (Crimea), Russia (North Caucasus), Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan. Deciduous forests on hilly plains, foothills, and the lower zone of mountains. Adults parasitize many wild and domestic ungulate and carnivorous mammals. Immature ticks feed on rodents and insectivores. Adults are active in the cool season from autumn to spring, while nymphs and larvae are active in summer. Mass infestation causes paralysis in the roe deer Capreolus capreolus. Literature: Nikolsky and Pozov (1973), Prohorova et al. (1974), Teng and Jiang (1991), Kolonin (1992b), Barral et al. (1995), Filippova (1997).
63. Haemaphysalis intermedia Warburto and Nuttall, 1909
Map 37 Pakistan, India, Nepal, and Sri Lanka. Principal hosts are livestock, but mainly sheep and goats. Immature ticks mainly feed on birds. Both bisexual and parthenogenetic populations live in South India. Literature: Kaul et al. (1979), Jeevandam (1991).
64. Haemaphysalis japonica Warburton, 1908
 Map 31 Russia (Amur Oblast, Primorsky and Khabarovsk Krays, and Iturup Island), China (Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Ningxia, Gansu, and Qinghai), Peninsula of Korea, and Japan. Deciduous and mixed coniferous-deciduous forests. Adults parasitize various large and middle-sized mammals. Immature ticks feed on birds and middle-sized mammals. Ticks are extremely rarely found on murid rodents and shrews. In Russia, male adult ticks are active in spring and in autumn. Some males pass winter on hosts, attaching to their ears. Nymphs are active from spring to autumn, and larvae are active from summer to autumn. Life cycle takes 2 to 3 years. Some authors distinguish two subspecies: H. japonica japonica Warburton, 1908 in Japan, and H. japonica douglasi Nuttall and Warburton, 1915 in the continental part of their range. Literature: Kolonin et al. (1981), Kolonin (1992b), Filippova (1997), Teng and Jiang (1991).
65. Haemaphysalis juxtakochi Cooley, 1946
 Map 35 Mexico, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Trinidad Island, Surinam, Guyana, Guiana, Peru, Ecuador, Paraguay, Uruguay, Argentina (Salta, Tucuman, Santa Fe, Jujuy, and Entre Rios), and Brazil. Adults and immature ticks mainly parasitize deer, but occasionally tapirs, livestock, dogs, and other large mammals as well. Immature ticks also feed on rodents and birds. Literature: Guglielmone et al. (1992), Guglielmone et al. (2003a), Beldomenico et al. (2003), Guglielmone et al. (2005).
66. Haemaphysalis kadarsani Hoogstraal and Wassef, 1977
 Map 30 Indonesia (Sulawesi). Moist tropical forests up to the altitude of 650 m. Adults and nymphs were collected from the rats Rattus dominator and Echiothrix leucura. Larva is unknown. Literature: Hoogstraal and Wassef (1977).
67. Haemaphysalis kashmirensis Hoogstraal and Varma, 1962
 Map 33 India (Kashmir), North Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Iran (?). Mountain forests at altitudes of 1500 to 3000 m. Adults feed on wild and domestic sheep and goats. Immature ticks infest lizards Agama tuberculata and occasionally rodents. Note: In Iran, ticks were collected from the wild goat Capra aegagrus (Hoogstraal and Valdez, 1980), but in a later publication (Hoogstraal and Kim, 1985) Iran was not included as part of the range of this species. Literature: Hoogstraal and Valdez (1980), Hoogstraal and Kim (1985).
68. Haemaphysalis kinneari Warburton, 1913
 Map 36 India (Karnataka). Adults were found on a boar, carnivores, and a hare. Many nymphs and larvae were collected on rats, squirrels, leopards, Bengal cats, and birds. Literature: Hoogstraal and Kim (1985).
69. Haemaphysalis kitaokai Hoogstraal, 1969
Map 31 Japan (Honshu, Kyushu and Yaku Islands) and China (Hunan, Gansu, Sichuan, and Taiwan). Adults parasitize deer Cervus nippon, serow Capricornis crispus, cattle, and horses. In Japan, adults are active in spring and autumn. Immature ticks have been reared. Literature: Hoogstraal and Kim (1985), Teng and Jiang (1991).
70. Haemaphysalis koningsbergeri Warburton and Nuttall, 1909
Map 39 Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia, and Indonesia (Sumatra, Java and Kalimantan). Adults parasitize various carnivores, but are also found on artiodactyls. Immature ticks have not been described. Literature: Keirans and Brewster (1981), Tanskul et al. (1983), Hoogstraal and Kim (1985). |