|
Species includes three subspecies, the ranges of which are as follows: H. erinacei erinacei inhabits Africa and South Europe to the east as far as Bulgaria; H. erinacei taurica is distributed in the Crimea, Caucasus, the Near East, Kopet-Dagh, mountains of Middle Asia, Iran, and Afghanistan; and H. erinacei turanica occurs in Saudi Arabia, Iran, Pakistan, Kazakhstan, and Middle Asia. In Kopet-Dagh and mountains of Middle Asia, the ranges of the two latter subspecies overlap. Literature: Baily-Choumara et al. (1980), Hoogstraal et al. (1981), Hoogstraal and Kim (1985), Teng and Jiang (1991), Filippova (1997).
40. Haemaphysalis eupleres Hoogstraal, Kohls and Trapido, 1965
 Map 23 Madagascar. Two females were collected on the falanouc Eupleres goudotii. Male is described, but immature stages have not been described. Literature: Uilenberg et al. (1979).
41. Haemaphysalis flava Neumann, 1897
 Map 58 Japan, China (Gansu, Jiangsu, Sichuan, Hubei, and Taiwan), South Korea (coastal islands), and Russia (southern Primorsky Kray). Adults parasitize various mammals, preferring hares and domestic dogs. Immature ticks feed on small and middle-sized mammals and birds. It is a vector of tularemia. Literature: Kolonin (1986), Teng and Jiang (1991), Filippova (1997).
42. Haemaphysalis formosensis Neumann, 1913
 Map 38 Japan (Shikoku and Ryukyu Islands), China (Fujian, Hainan and Taiwan Islands), Vietnam (northern), and Philippines. Principal hosts of adults are wild pigs, but ticks are also often found on dogs and muntjacs. Immature ticks were collected from the same hosts. Literature: Hoogstraal and Kim (1985), Teng and Jiang (1991), Kolonin (1995b).
43. Haemaphysalis fossae Hoogstraal, 1953
Map 23 Madagascar. A few adults were collected on the fanaloka Fossa fossa and the small Indian civet Viverricula indica. Literature: Uilenberg et al. (1979).
44. Haemaphysalis fujisana Kitaoka, 1970
 Map 35 Japan (Honshu). Adults were collected on cattle and vegetation, and immature ticks have been reared. Literature: Yamaguti et al. (1971).
45. Haemaphysalis garhwalensis Dhanda and Bhat, 1968
 Map 31 India (Uttar Pradesh and Himachal Pradesh), Nepal, and China (Òibet). Upper zone of mountain forests, alpine and sub alpine meadows and bushes at altitudes from 2400 to 3800 m. Adults were collected from livestock and vegetation, and immature ticks from rodents. Literature: Hoogstraal and Kim (1985), Teng and Jiang (1991).
46. Haemaphysalis goral Hoogstraal, 1970
 Map 30 China (Zhejiang). A single male was collected on a goral. Literature: Hoogstraal and Kim (1985), Teng and Jiang (1991).
47. Haemaphysalis grochovskaja Kolonin, 1992
 Map 36 Vietnam (northern). Two females were collected on a cow. Literature: Kolonin (1992à, 1995b).
48. Haemaphysalis heinrichi Schulze, 1939
 Map 39 India, Myanmar, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam, and southern China. All stages were most often found on the ferret badgers Melogale personara and M. moschata. Ticks were also collected also on the fox Vulpes gengalensis and on Leopoldamys rats. Immature ticks were collected on rats, tree shrews, mongooses, and civets. Literature: Òanskul et al. (1983), Hoogstraal and Kim (1985), Kolonin (1995b, 2003).
49. Haemaphysalis hirsuta Hoogstraal, Trapido and Kohls, 1966
Map 38 Indonesia (Sumatra, Java, and Sumbawa). Moist equatorial forests on plains. Most collections of adult and immature ticks were taken from vegetation. The known hosts of imago are boars, banteng Bos javanicus, dogs, and livestock. Hosts of immature ticks are the sambar and the musang Paradoxurus hermaphroditus. Literature: Hoogstraal and Kim (1985).
50. Haemaphysalis hispanica Gil Collado, 1938
 Map 37 Portugal, Spain, and France. Principal host of all stages is the rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus, the burrows of which these ticks inhabit. Ticks also infest other mammals visiting these burrows. In France, the highest rates of rabbit infestation by adult ticks are observed in May, and by immature ticks in August. Literature: Hoogstraal and Kim (1985), Gilot et al. (1985), Caero and Simoes (1987).
51. Haemaphysalis hoodi Warburton and Nuttall, 1909
Map 35 Africa south of Sahara and Morocco. All stages parasitize birds feeding on the ground. Literature: Hoogstraal (1956), Walker (1991).
52. Haemaphysalis hoogstraali Kohls, 1950
 Map 15 Philippines (Palawan and Busuanga). Adults were collected on the badger Mydaus marchei. Literature: Kohls (1950).
53. Haemaphysalis houyi Nuttall and Warburton, 1915
 Map 33 Senegal, Mali, Burkina Faso, Cote d’Ivoire, Ghana, Chad, Central African Republic, Cameroon, Sudan, Ethiopia, Uganda, and Kenya. All stages parasitize the spiny squirrel Euxerus erythropus. Literature: Hoogstraal and Kim (1985), Ntiamoa-Baidu et al. (2004).
54. Haemaphysalis howletti Warburton, 1913
 Map 21 Pakistan (northern), India (Maharashtra), Nepal, and Vietnam. Little known species. Adults were collected on the hare Lepus peguensis and on horses, while immature ticks were found on rodents and birds. Literature: Kolonin (1995b).
55. Haemaphysalis humerosa Warburton and Nuttall, 1909
 Map 28 Australia and New Guinea. All stages parasitize small and middle-sized marsupials, but mainly bandicoots. There are also collections from birds and echidnas. |